LiDAR Modelling to Map Risk and Response: Belfast Harbour

Summary

This case study focuses on a climate change modelling initiative that uses LiDAR technology and a “digital twin” to assess climate impacts under different scenarios.

Introduction

Belfast Harbour occupies around one fifth of the city’s landmass, playing a critical role in NI’s maritime trade as one of the island’s major ports. Situated on mostly reclaimed land at the mouth of the Lagan, it is inherently vulnerable to rising sea levels and severe storm surges, which will likely intensify with climate change. As part of their long term strategy, Belfast Harbour has employed Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology to better understand its assets, terrain and risks, and plan for future adaptation efforts.

Methodology

Using laser sensors from aircraft, LiDAR technology creates detailed 3D models of the ground to a high degree of accuracy. The modelling integrates marine and land-based data to provide a comprehensive overview of the port’s ecosystem. A topographical model of the harbour will be updated every 2-3 years to maintain accuracy and the data will be used by a “digital twin” (virtual replica used to simulate scenarios) to assess how infrastructure might be impacted by climate change.

Key Points

The data was hosted by ESRI and collected and managed through the collaborative efforts of Bluesky International and the Harbour’s Sustainability Team. Belfast Harbour’s aims through this project are to:

• Exceed standards set out by National Policy regarding voluntary climate adaptation reporting within the port sector.
• Create a primary adaptation progress indicator using the percentage of buildings impacted by extreme weather.
• Improve ESG Reporting and the Port Masterplan using the LiDAR and digital twin, outlining its strategic direction for the next 20-30 years.

Conclusions

• This initiative will enable the Harbour to prepare for long-term impacts of climate change, as it has already developed modern infrastructure well protected against short and medium term risks.
• The data will help evaluate carbon storage potential and contribution to biodiversity enhancement projects for the Harbour, in addition to enhancing resilience.
• The initiative serves as a “thought leadership” project which will support broader sustainability goals, including the port’s Net Zero targets all while demonstrating how LiDAR technology can be used for climate adaptation.
• The legacy of this initiative is that the harbour is better equipped to manage risks stemming from climate change.

Citation

Climate Northern Ireland. Case Study 3 – Belfast Harbour. June 2025. Climate Northern Ireland. https://climatenorthernireland.org.uk/site/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Case-Study-3-Belfast-Harbour-3.pdf